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Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
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Matthew Henry |
E X O D U S
CHAP. XL.
In this chapter,
I. Orders are given for the setting up of the tabernacle and the fixing
of all the appurtenances of it in their proper places
(ver. 1-8),
and the consecrating of it
(ver. 9-11),
and of the priests,
II. Care is taken to do all this, and as it was appointed to be done,
III. God takes possession of it by the cloud,
&c.
| The Rearing of the Tabernacle. | B. C. 1491. |
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1 And the LORD spake unto Moses, saying,
2 On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the
tabernacle of the tent of the congregation.
3 And thou shalt put therein the ark of the testimony, and
cover the ark with the vail.
4 And thou shalt bring in the table, and set in order the
things that are to be set in order upon it; and thou shalt bring
in the candlestick, and light the lamps thereof.
5 And thou shalt set the altar of gold for the incense before
the ark of the testimony, and put the hanging of the door to the
tabernacle.
6 And thou shalt set the altar of the burnt offering before the
door of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation.
7 And thou shalt set the laver between the tent of the
congregation and the altar, and shalt put water therein.
8 And thou shalt set up the court round about, and hang up the
hanging at the court gate.
9 And thou shalt take the anointing oil, and anoint the
tabernacle, and all that is therein, and shalt hallow it, and
all the vessels thereof: and it shall be holy.
10 And thou shalt anoint the altar of the burnt offering, and
all his vessels, and sanctify the altar: and it shall be an altar
most holy.
11 And thou shalt anoint the laver and his foot, and sanctify
it.
12 And thou shalt bring Aaron and his sons unto the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water.
13 And thou shalt put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint
him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto me in the
priest’s office.
14 And thou shalt bring his sons, and clothe them with coats:
15 And thou shalt anoint them, as thou didst anoint their
father, that they may minister unto me in the priest’s office:
for their anointing shall surely be an everlasting priesthood
throughout their generations.
The materials and furniture of the tabernacle had been viewed severally
and approved, and now they must be put together.
1. God here directs Moses to set up the tabernacle and the utensils of
it in their places. Though the work of the tabernacle was finished,
and every thing ready for rearing, and the people, no doubt, were very
desirous to see it up, yet Moses will not erect it till he has express
orders for doing so. It is good to see God going before us in every
step,
The time for doing this is fixed to the first day of the first
month
(v. 2),
which wanted but fourteen days of a year since they came out of Egypt;
and a good year’s work there was done in it. Probably the work was made
ready but just at the end of the year, so that the appointing of this
day gave no delay, or next to none, to this good work. We must not put
off any necessary duty under pretence of waiting for some remarkable
day; the present season is the most convenient. But the tabernacle
happening to be set up on the first day of the first month
intimates that it is good to begin the year with some good work. Let
him that is the first have the first; and let the things of his kingdom
be first sought. In Hezekiah’s time we find they began to sanctify the
temple on the first day of the first month,
2 Chron. xxix. 17.
The new moon (which by their computation was the first day of every
month) was observed by them with some solemnity; and therefore this
first new moon of the year was thus made remarkable. Note, When a new
year begins, we should think of serving God more and better than we did
the year before. Moses is particularly ordered to set up the tabernacle
itself first, in which God would dwell and would be served
(v. 2),
then to put the ark in its place, and draw the veil before it
(v. 3),
then to fix the table, and the candlestick, and the altar of incense,
without the veil
(v. 4, 5),
and to fix the hanging of the door before the door. Then in the court
he must place the altar of burnt offering, and the laver
(v. 6, 7);
and, lastly, he must set up the curtains of the court, and a hanging
for a court-gate. And all this would be easily done in one day, many
hands no doubt being employed in it under the direction of Moses.
2. He directs Moses, when he had set up the tabernacle and all the
furniture of it, to consecrate it and them, by anointing them with the
oil which was prepared for the purpose,
&c. It was there ordered that this should be done; here it was ordered
that it should be done now,
Observe, Every thing was sanctified when it was put in its proper
place, and not till then, for till then it was not fit for the use to
which it was to be sanctified. As every thing is beautiful in its
season, so is every thing in its place.
3. He directs him to consecrate Aaron and his sons. When the goods were
brought into God’s house, they were marked first, and then servants
were hired to bear the vessels of the Lord; and those must be clean who
were put into that office,
The law which was now ordered to be put in execution we had before,
Thus in the visible church, which is God’s tabernacle among men, it is
requisite that there be ministers to keep the charge of the sanctuary,
and that they receive the anointing.
16 Thus did Moses: according to all that the LORD commanded
him, so did he.
17 And it came to pass in the first month in the second year,
on the first day of the month, that the tabernacle was reared
up.
18 And Moses reared up the tabernacle, and fastened his
sockets, and set up the boards thereof, and put in the bars
thereof, and reared up his pillars.
19 And he spread abroad the tent over the tabernacle, and put
the covering of the tent above upon it; as the LORD commanded
Moses.
20 And he took and put the testimony into the ark, and set the
staves on the ark, and put the mercy seat above upon the ark:
21 And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, and set up the
vail of the covering, and covered the ark of the testimony; as
the LORD commanded Moses.
22 And he put the table in the tent of the congregation, upon
the side of the tabernacle northward, without the vail.
23 And he set the bread in order upon it before the LORD; as
the LORD had commanded Moses.
24 And he put the candlestick in the tent of the congregation,
over against the table, on the side of the tabernacle southward.
25 And he lighted the lamps before the LORD; as the LORD
commanded Moses.
26 And he put the golden altar in the tent of the congregation
before the vail:
27 And he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the LORD commanded
Moses.
28 And he set up the hanging at the door of the tabernacle.
29 And he put the altar of burnt offering by the door of the
tabernacle of the tent of the congregation, and offered upon it
the burnt offering and the meat offering; as the LORD commanded
Moses.
30 And he set the laver between the tent of the congregation
and the altar, and put water there, to wash withal.
31 And Moses and Aaron and his sons washed their hands and
their feet thereat:
32 When they went into the tent of the congregation, and when
they came near unto the altar, they washed; as the LORD commanded
Moses.
33 And he reared up the court round about the tabernacle and
the altar, and set up the hanging of the court gate. So Moses
finished the work.
When the tabernacle and the furniture of it were prepared, they did not
put off the rearing of it till they came to Canaan, though they now
hoped to be there very shortly; but, in obedience to the will of God,
they set it up in the midst of their camp, while they were in the
wilderness. Those that are unsettled in the world must not think that
this will excuse them in their continued irreligion; as if it were
enough to begin to serve God when they begin to be settled in the
world. No; a tabernacle for God is a very needful and profitable
companion even in a wilderness, especially considering that our
carcases may fall in that wilderness, and we may be fixed in another
world before we come to fix in this.
The rearing of the tabernacle was a good day’s work; the consecrating
of it, and of the priests, was attended to some days after. Here we
have an account only of that new-year’s-day’s work.
1. Moses not only did all that God directed him to do, but in the order
that God appointed; for God will be sought in the due order.
2. To each particular there is added an express reference to the divine
appointment, which Moses governed himself by as carefully and
conscientiously as the workmen did; and therefore, as before, so here
it is repeated, as the Lord commanded Moses, seven times in less
than fourteen verses. Moses himself, as great a man as he was, would
not pretend to vary from the institution, neither to add to it nor
diminish from it, in the least punctilio. Those that command others
must remember that their Master also is in heaven, and they must do as
they are commanded.
3. That which was to be veiled be veiled
(v. 21),
and that which was to be used he used immediately, for the instruction
of the priests, that by seeing him do the several offices they might
learn to do them the more dexterously. Though Moses was not properly a
priest, yet he is numbered among the priests
(Ps. xcix. 6),
and the Jewish writers call him the priest of the priests; what
he did he did by special warrant and direction from God, rather as a
prophet, or law-giver, than as a priest. He set the wheels a going, and
then left the work in the hands of the appointed ministry.
(1.) When he had placed the table, he set the show-bread in order upon
it
(v. 23);
for God will never have his table unfurnished.
(2.) As soon as he had fixed the candlestick, he lighted the lamps
before the Lord,
v. 25.
Even that dark dispensation would not admit of unlighted candles.
(3.) The golden altar being put in its place, immediately he burnt
sweet incense thereon
(v. 27);
for God’s altar must be a smoking altar.
(4.) The altar of the burnt-offering was no sooner set up in the court
of the tabernacle than he had a burnt-offering, and a meat-offering,
ready to offer upon it,
v. 29.
Some think, though this is mentioned here, it was not done till some
time after; but it seems to me that he immediately began the ceremony
of its consecration, though it was not completed for seven days.
(5.) At the laver likewise, when he had fixed that, Moses himself
washed his hands and feet. Thus, in all these instances, he not only
showed the priests how to do their duty, but has taught us that God’s
gifts are intended for use, and not barely for show. Though the altars,
and table, and candlestick, were fresh and new, he did not say it was a
pity to sully them; no, he handselled them immediately. Talents were
given to be occupied, not to be buried.
| The Tabernacle Filled with Glory. | B. C. 1491. |
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34 Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the
glory of the LORD filled the tabernacle.
35 And Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the
congregation, because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of
the LORD filled the tabernacle.
36 And when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle,
the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys:
37 But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not
till the day that it was taken up.
38 For the cloud of the LORD was upon the tabernacle by day,
and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of
Israel, throughout all their journeys.
As when, in the creation, God had finished this earth, which he
designed for man’s habitation, he made man, and put him in possession
of it, so when Moses had finished the tabernacle, which was designed
for God’s dwelling-place among men, God came and took possession of it.
The shechinah, the divine eternal Word, though not yet made
flesh, yet, as a prelude to that event, came and dwelt among them,
This was henceforward the place of his throne, and the place
of the soles of his feet
here he resided, here he ruled. By the visible tokens of God’s coming
among them to take possession of the tabernacle he testified both the
return of his favour to them, which they had forfeited by the golden
calf
and his gracious acceptance of all the expense they had been at, and
all the care and pains they had taken about the tabernacle. Thus God
owned them, showed himself well pleased with what they had done, and
abundantly rewarded them. Note, God will dwell with those that prepare
him a habitation. The broken and contrite heart, the clean and holy
heart, that is furnished for his service, and devoted to his honour,
shall be his rest for ever; here will Christ dwell by faith,
Where God has a throne and an altar in the soul, there is a living
temple. And God will be sure to own and crown the operations of his own
grace and the observance of his own appointments.
As God had manifested himself upon mount Sinai, so he did now in this
newly-erected tabernacle. We read
that the glory of the Lord abode upon mount Sinai, which is said
to be like devouring fire
(v. 17),
and that the cloud covered it on the outside, and the glory
of the Lord filled it within, to which, probably there is an
allusion in
where God promises to be a wall of fire round about Jerusalem
(and the pillar of cloud was by night a pillar of fire) and the
glory in the midst of her.
I. The cloud covered the tent. That same cloud which, as the
chariot or pavilion of the shechinah, had come up before them
out of Egypt and led them hither, now settled upon the tabernacle and
hovered over it, even in the hottest and clearest day; for it was none
of those clouds which the sun scatters. This cloud was intended to be,
1. A token of God’s presence constantly visible day and night
(v. 38)
to all Israel, even to those that lay in the remotest corners of the
camp, that they might never again make a question of it, Is the Lord
among us, or is he not? That very cloud which had already been so
pregnant with wonders in the Red Sea, and on mount Sinai, sufficient to
prove God in it of a truth, was continually in sight of all the
house of Israel throughout all their journeys; so that they were
inexcusable if they believed not their own eyes.
2. A concealment of the tabernacle, and the glory of God in it. God did
indeed dwell among them, but he dwelt in a cloud: Verily thou art a
God that hidest, thyself. Blessed be God for the gospel of Christ,
in which we all with open face behold as in a glass, not in a
cloud, the glory of the Lord.
3. A protection of the tabernacle. They had sheltered it with one
covering upon another, but, after all, the cloud that covered it was
its best guard. Those that dwell in the house of the Lord are hidden
there, and are safe under the divine protection,
Yet this, which was then a peculiar favour to the tabernacle, is
promised to every dwelling-place of mount Zion
(Isa. iv. 5);
for upon all the glory shall be a defence.
4. A guide to the camp of Israel in their march through the wilderness,
While the cloud continued on the tabernacle, they rested; when it
removed, they removed and followed it, as being purely under divine
direction. This is spoken of more fully,
Ps. lxxviii. 14; cv. 39.
As before the tabernacle was set up the Israelites had the cloud for
their guide, which appeared sometimes in one place and sometimes in
another, but henceforward rested on the tabernacle and was to be found
there only, so the church had divine revelation for its guide from the
first, before the scriptures were written, but since the making up of
that canon it rests in that as its tabernacle, and there only it is to
be found, as in the creation the light which was made the first day,
centered in the sun the fourth day. Blessed be God for the law and the
testimony!
II. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle,
v. 34, 35.
The shechinah now made an awful and pompous entry into the
tabernacle, through the outer part of which it passed into the most
holy place, as the presence-chamber, and there seated itself between
the cherubim. It was in light and fire, and (for aught we know) no
otherwise, that the shechinah made itself visible; for God is
light; our God is a consuming fire. With these the tabernacle was
now filled, yet, as before the bush was not consumed, so now the
curtains were not so much as singed by this fire; for to those that
have received the anointing the terrible majesty of God is not
destroying. Yet so dazzling was the light, and so dreadful was the
fire, that Moses was not able to enter into the tent of the
congregation, at the door of which he attended, till the splendour
had a little abated, and the glory of the Lord retired within the veil,
This shows how terrible the glory and majesty of God are, and how
unable the greatest and best of men are to stand before him. The divine
light and fire, let forth in their full strength, will overpower the
strongest heads and the purest hearts. But what Moses could not do, in
that he was weak through the flesh, has been done by our Lord
Jesus, whom God caused to draw near and approach, and who, as the
forerunner, has for us entered, and has invited us to come
boldly even to the mercy-seat. He was able to enter into the holy place
not made with hands
(Heb. ix. 24);
nay, he is himself the true tabernacle, filled with the glory of God
(John i. 14),
even with the divine grace and truth prefigured by this fire and light.
In him the shechinah took up its rest for ever, for in him dwells
all the fulness of the godhead bodily. Blessed be God for Jesus
Christ!
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