BIBLES NET. COM
Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary
on the Whole Bible
Back to Biblesnet.com Home Page
|
[Previous] [Next] |
Matthew Henry |
J O H N.
CHAP. XIV.
This chapter is a continuation of Christ’s discourse with his disciples
after supper. When he had convicted and discarded Judas, he set himself
to comfort the rest, who were full of sorrow upon what he had said of
leaving them, and a great many good words and comfortable words he here
speaks to them. The discourse in interlocutory; as Peter in the
foregoing chapter, so Thomas, and Philip, and Jude, in this interposed
their thoughts upon what he said, according to the liberty he was
pleased to allow them. Free conferences are as instructive as solemn
speeches, and more so. The general scope of this chapter is in the
it is designed to keep trouble from their hearts; now in order to this
they must believe: and let them consider,
I. Heaven as their everlasting rest,
II. Christ himself as their way,
III. The great power they shall be clothed with by the prevalency of
their prayers,
IV. The coming of another comforter,
V. The fellowship and communion that should be between him and them
after his departure,
VI. The instructions which the Holy Ghost should give them,
VII. The peace Christ bequeathed to them,
VIII. Christ’s own cheerfulness in his departure,
And this which he said to them is designed for the comfort of all his
faithful followers.
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
1 Let not your heart be troubled: ye believe in God, believe
also in me.
2 In my Father’s house are many mansions: if it were not
so, I would have told you. I go to prepare a place for you.
3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again,
and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be
also.
In these verses we have,
I. A general caution which Christ gives to his disciples against
trouble of heart
(v. 1):
Let not your heart be troubled. They now began to be troubled,
were entering into this temptation. Now here see,
1. How Christ took notice of it. Perhaps it was apparent in their
looks; it was said
(ch. xiii. 22),
They looked one upon another with anxiety and concern, and
Christ looked upon them all, and observed it; at least, it was
intelligible to the Lord Jesus, who is acquainted with all our secret
undiscovered sorrows, with the wound that bleeds inwardly; he knows not
only how we are afflicted, but how we stand affected under our
afflictions, and how near they lie to our hearts; he takes cognizance
of all the trouble which his people are at any time in danger of being
overwhelmed with; he knows our souls in adversity. Many things
concurred to trouble the disciples now.
(1.) Christ had just told them of the unkindness he should receive from
some of them, and this troubled them all. Peter, no doubt, looked very
sorrowful upon what Christ said to him, and all the rest were sorry for
him and for themselves too, not knowing whose turn it should be to be
told next of some ill thing or other they should do. As to this, Christ
comforts them; though a godly jealousy over ourselves is of great use
to keep us humble and watchful, yet it must not prevail to the
disquieting of our spirits and the damping of our holy joy.
(2.) He had just told them of his own departure from them, that he
should not only go away, but go away in a cloud of sufferings. They
must shortly hear him loaded with reproaches, and these will be as a
sword in their bones; they must see him barbarously abused and put
to death, and this also will be a sword piercing through their own
souls, for they had loved him, and chosen him, and left all to
follow him. When we now look upon Christ pierced, we cannot but
mourn and be in bitterness, though we see the glorious issue and
fruit of it; much more grievous must the sight be to them, who could
then look no further. If Christ depart from them
[1.] They will think themselves shamefully disappointed; for they
looked that this had been he that should have delivered Israel, and
should have set upon his kingdom in secular power and glory, and, in
expectation of this, had lost all to follow him. Now, if he leave the
world in the same circumstances of meanness and poverty in which he had
lived, and worse, they are quite defeated.
[2.] They will think themselves sadly deserted and exposed. They knew
by experience what little presence of mind they had in difficult
emergencies, that they could count upon nothing but being ruined and
run down if they part with their Master. Now, in reference to all
these, Let not your heart be troubled. Here are three words,
upon any of which the emphasis may significantly be laid.
First, Upon the word troubled, me
tarassestho. Be not so troubled as to be put into a hurry and
confusion, like the troubled sea when it cannot rest. He does
not say, “Let not your hearts be sensible of the griefs, or sad because
of them” but, “Be not ruffled and discomposed, be not cast down and
disquieted,”
Secondly, Upon the word heart: “Though the nation and
city be troubled, though your little family and flock be troubled, yet
let not your heart be troubled. Keep possession of your own
souls when you can keep possession of nothing else.” The heart is the
main fort; whatever you do, keep trouble from this, keep this with
all diligence. The spirit must sustain the infirmity,
therefore, see that this be not wounded. Thirdly, Upon the word
your: “You that are my disciples and followers, my redeemed,
chosen, sanctified ones, however others are overwhelmed with the
sorrows of this present time, be not you so, for you know better; let
the sinners in Zion tremble, but let the sons of Zion be
joyful in their king.” Herein Christ’s disciples should do more
than others, should keep their minds quiet, when every thing else
is unquiet.
2. The remedy he prescribes against this trouble of mind, which he saw
ready to prevail over them; in general,
believe—pisteuete.
(1.) Some read it in both parts imperatively, “Believe in God,
and his perfections and providence, believe also in me, and my
mediation. Build with confidence upon the great acknowledged principles
of natural religion: that there is a God, that he is most holy, wise,
powerful, and good; that he is the governor of the world, and has the
sovereign disposal of all events; and comfort yourselves likewise with
the peculiar doctrines of that holy religion which I have taught you.”
But,
(2.) We read the former as an acknowledgment that they did believe in
God, for which he commends them: “But, if you would effectually provide
against a stormy day, believe also in me.” Through Christ we are
brought into covenant with God, and become interested in his favour and
promise, which otherwise as sinners we must despair of, and the
remembrance of God would have been our trouble; but, by believing in
Christ as the Mediator between God and man, our belief in God becomes
comfortable; and this is the will of God, that all men should honour
the Son as they honour the Father, by believing in the Son as they
believe in the Father. Those that rightly believe in God will believe
in Jesus Christ, whom he has made known to them; and believing in God
through Jesus Christ is an excellent means of keeping trouble from the
heart. The joy of faith is the best remedy against the griefs of
sense; it is a remedy with a promise annexed to it; the just shall
live by faith; a remedy with a probatum est annexed to it.
I had fainted unless I had believed.
II. Here is a particular direction to act faith upon the promise of
eternal life,
He had directed them to trust to God, and to trust in him; but what
must they trust God and Christ for? Trust them for a happiness to come
when this body and this world shall be no more, and for a happiness to
last as long as the immortal soul and the eternal world shall last. Now
this is proposed as a sovereign cordial under all the troubles of this
present time, to which there is that in the happiness of heaven which
is admirably adapted and accommodated. The saints have encouraged
themselves with this in their greatest extremities, That heaven
would make amends for all. Let us see how this is suggested
here.
1. Believe and consider that really there is such a happiness: In my
Father’s house there are many mansions; if it were not so, I would have
told you,
v. 2.
(1.) See under what notion the happiness of heaven is here represented:
as mansions, many mansions in Christ’s Father’s house.
[1.] Heaven is a house, not a tent or tabernacle; it is a house not
made with hands, eternal in the heavens.
[2.] It is a Father’s house: my Father’s house; and his Father
is our Father, to whom he was now ascending; so that in right of their
elder brother all true believers shall be welcome to that happiness as
to their home. It is his house who is King of kings and Lord of lords,
dwells in light, and inhabits eternity.
[3.] There are mansions there; that is, First, Distinct
dwellings, an apartment for each. Perhaps there is an allusion to the
priests’ chambers that were about the temple. In heaven there are
accommodations for particular saints; though all shall be swallowed up
in God, yet our individuality shall not be lost there; every Israelite
had his lot in Canaan, and every elder a seat,
Rev. iv. 4.
Secondly, Durable dwellings. Monai, from
mneio, maneo, abiding places. The house itself is
lasting; our estate in it is not for a term of years, but a perpetuity.
Here we are as in an inn; in heaven we shall gain a settlement. The
disciples had quitted their houses to attend Christ, who had not where
to lay his head, but the mansions in heaven will make them amends.
[4.] There are many mansions, for there are many sons to be
brought to glory, and Christ exactly knows their number, nor will be
straitened for room by the coming of more company than he expects. He
had told Peter that he should follow him
(ch. xiii. 36),
but let not the rest be discouraged, in heaven there are mansions for
them all. Rehoboth,
Gen. xxvi. 22.
(2.) See what assurance we have of the reality of the happiness itself,
and the sincerity of the proposal of it to us: “If it were not so, I
would have told you. If you had deceived yourselves, when you
quitted your livelihoods, and ventured your lives for me, in prospect
of a happiness future and unseen, I would soon have undeceived you.”
The assurance is built,
[1.] Upon the veracity of his word. It is implied, “If there were not
such a happiness, valuable and attainable, I would not have told you
that there was.”
[2.] Upon the sincerity of his affection to them. As he is true, and
would not impose upon them himself, so he is kind, and would not suffer
them to be imposed upon. If either there were no such mansions, or
none designed for them, who had left all to follow him, he would have
given them timely notice of the mistake, that they might have made an
honourable retreat to the world again, and have made the best they
could of it. Note, Christ’s good-will to us is a great encouragement to
our hope in him. He loves us too well, and means us too well, to
disappoint the expectations of his own raising, or to leave those to be
of all men most miserable who have been of him most observant.
2. Believe and consider that the design of Christ’s going away was to
prepare a place in heaven for his disciples. “You are grieved to think
of my going away, whereas I go on your errand, as the forerunner; I
am to enter for you.” He went to prepare a place for us; that is,
(1.) To take possession for us, as our advocate or attorney, and so to
secure our title as indefeasible. Livery of seisin was given to Christ,
for the use and behoof of all that should believe on him.
(2.) To make provision for us as our friend and father. The happiness
of heaven, though prepared before the foundation of the world,
yet must be further fitted up for man in his fallen state. It
consisting much in the presence of Christ there, it was therefore
necessary that he should go before, to enter into that glory
which his disciples were to share in. Heaven would be an unready
place for a Christian if Christ were not there. He went to prepare a
table for them, to prepare thrones for them,
Thus Christ declares the fitness of heaven’s happiness for the saints,
for whom it is prepared.
3. Believe and consider that therefore he would certainly come
again in due time, to fetch them to that blessed place which he was now
going to possess for himself and prepare for them
(v. 3):
“If I go and prepare a place for you, if this be the errand of
my journey, you may be sure, when every thing is ready, I will come
again, and receive you to myself, so that you shall follow me
hereafter, that where I am there you may be also.” Now these are
comfortable words indeed.
(1.) That Jesus Christ will come again; erchomai—I do
come, intimating the certainty of it, that he will come and that he
is daily coming. We say, We are coming, when we are busy in preparing
for our coming, and so he is; all he does has a reference and tendency
to his second coming. Note, The belief of Christ’s second coming, of
which he has given us the assurance, is an excellent preservative
against trouble of heart,
(2.) That he will come again to receive all his faithful followers to
himself. He sends for them privately at death, and gathers them one by
one; but they are to make their public entry in solemn state all
together at the last day, and then Christ himself will come to receive
them, to conduct them in the abundance of his grace, and to welcome
them in the abundance of his love. He will hereby testify the utmost
respect and endearment imaginable. The coming of Christ is in order to
our gathering together unto him,
2 Thess. ii. 1.
(3.) That where he is there they shall be also. This intimates,
what many other scriptures declare, that the quintessence of heaven’s
happiness is being with Christ there,
ch. xvii. 24;
Phil. i. 23; 1 Thess. iv. 17.
Christ speaks of his being there as now present, that where I
am; where I am to be shortly, where I am to be eternally; there you
shall be shortly, there you shall be eternally: not only there,
in the same place; but here, in the same state: not only
spectators of his glory, as the three disciples on the mount, but
sharers in it.
(4.) That this may be inferred from his going to prepare a place
for us, for his preparations shall not be in vain. He will not build
and furnish lodgings, and let them stand empty. He will be the finisher
of that of which he is the author. If he has prepared the place for us,
he will prepare us for it, and in due time put us in possession of it.
As the resurrection of Christ is the assurance of our resurrection, so
his ascension, victory, and glory, are an assurance of ours.
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
4 And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know.
5 Thomas saith unto him, Lord, we know not whither thou goest;
and how can we know the way?
6 Jesus saith unto him, I am the way, the truth, and the life:
no man cometh unto the Father, but by me.
7 If ye had known me, ye should have known my Father also: and
from henceforth ye know him, and have seen him.
8 Philip saith unto him, Lord, show us the Father, and it
sufficeth us.
9 Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and
yet hast thou not known me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath
seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Show us the Father?
10 Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father
in me? the words that I speak unto you I speak not of myself: but
the Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth the works.
11 Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me:
or else believe me for the very works’ sake.
Christ, having set the happiness of heaven before them as the end, here
shows them himself as the way to it, and tells them that they were
better acquainted both with the end they were to aim at and with the
way they were to walk in than they thought they were: You know,
that is,
1. “You may know; it is none of the secret things which belong
not to you, but one of the things revealed; you need not
ascend into heaven, nor go down into the deep, for the
word is nigh you
(Rom. x. 6-8),
level to you.”
2. “You do know; you know that which is the home and which is the way,
though perhaps not as the home and as the way. You have been told it,
and cannot but know, if you would recollect and consider it.” Note,
Jesus Christ is willing to make the best of his people’s knowledge,
though they are weak and defective in it. He knows the good that is in
them better than they do themselves, and is certain that they have that
knowledge, and faith, and love, of which they themselves are not
sensible, or not certain.
This word of Christ gave occasion to two of his disciples to address
themselves to him, and he answers them both.
I. Thomas enquired concerning the way
(v. 5),
without any apology for contradicting his Master.
1. He said, “Lord, we know not whither thou goest, to what place
or what state, and how can we know the way in which we must
follow thee? We can neither guess at it, nor enquire it out, but must
still be at a loss.” Christ’s testimony concerning their knowledge made
them more sensible of their ignorance, and more inquisitive after
further light. Thomas here shows more modesty than Peter, who thought
he could follow Christ now. Peter was the more solicitous to know
whither Christ went. Thomas here, though he complains that he
did not know this, yet seems more solicitous to know the way.
Now,
(1.) His confession of his ignorance was commendable enough. If good
men be in the dark, and know but in part, yet they are willing to own
their defects. But,
(2.) The cause of his ignorance was culpable. They knew not whither
Christ went, because they dreamed of a temporal kingdom in external
pomp and power, and doted upon this, notwithstanding what he had said
again and again to the contrary. Hence it was that, when Christ spoke
of going away and their following him, their fancy ran upon his going
to some remarkable city or other, Bethlehem, or Nazareth, or Capernaum,
or some of the cities of the Gentiles, as David to Hebron, there to be
anointed king, and to restore the kingdom to Israel; and which
way this place lay, where these castles in the air were to be built,
east, west, north, or south, they could not tell, and therefore knew
not the way. Thus still we think ourselves more in the dark than we
need be concerning the future state of the church, because we expect
its worldly prosperity, whereas it is spiritual advancement that the
promise points at. Had Thomas understood, as he might have done, that
Christ was going to the invisible world, the world of spirits, to which
spiritual things only have a reference, he would not have said,
Lord, we do not know the way.
II. Now to this complaint of their ignorance, which included a desire
to be taught, Christ gives a full answer,
Thomas had enquired both whither he went and what was the way, and
Christ answers both these enquiries and makes good what he had said,
that they would have needed no answer if they had understood themselves
aright; for they knew him, and he was the way; they knew the Father,
and he was the end; and therefore, whither I go you know, and the
way you know. Believe in God as the end, and in me as the way
(v. 1),
and you do all you should do.
(1.) He speaks of himself as the way,
v. 6.
Dost thou not know the way? I am the way, and I only, for no
man comes to the Father but by me. Great things Christ here saith
of himself, showing us,
[1.] The nature of his mediation: He is the way, the truth, and the
life.
First, Let us consider these first distinctly.
1. Christ is the way, the highway spoken of,
Christ was his own way, for by his own blood he entered into the
holy place
(Heb. ix. 12),
and he is our way, for we enter by him. By his doctrine and example he
teaches us our duty, by his merit and intercession he procures our
happiness, and so he is the way. In him God and man meet, and are
brought together. We could not get to the tree of life in the way of
innocency; but Christ is another way to it. By Christ, as the way an
intercourse is settled and kept up between heaven and earth; the angels
of God ascend and descend; our prayers go to God, and his blessings
come to us by him; this is the way that leads to rest, the good old
way. The disciples followed him, and Christ tells them that they
followed the road, and, while they continued following him, they would
never be out of their way.
2. He is the truth.
(1.) As truth is opposed to figure and shadow. Christ is the substance
of all the Old-Testament types, which are therefore said to be
figures of the true,
Heb. ix. 24.
Christ is the true manna
(ch. vi. 32),
the true tabernacle,
Heb. viii. 2.
(2.) As truth is opposed to falsehood and error; the doctrine of Christ
is true doctrine. When we enquire for truth, we need learn no more than
the truth as it is in Jesus.
(3.) As truth is opposed to fallacy and deceit; he is true to all that
trust in him, as true as truth itself,
3. He is the life; for we are alive unto God only in and
through Jesus Christ,
Rom. vi. 11.
Christ formed in us is that to our souls which our souls are to our
bodies. Christ is the resurrection and the life.
Secondly, Let us consider these jointly, and with reference to each
other. Christ is the way, the truth, and the life; that is,
1. He is the beginning, the middle, and the end. In him we must set
out, go on, and finish. As the truth, he is the guide of our
way; as the life, he is the end of it.
2. He is the true and living way
(Heb. x. 20);
there are truth and life in the way, as well as at the end of
it.
3. He is the true way to life, the only true way; other ways may
seem right, but the end of them is the way of death.
[2.] The necessity of his mediation: No man cometh to the Father but
by me. Fallen man must come to God as a Judge, but cannot come to
him as a Father, otherwise than by Christ as Mediator. We cannot
perform the duty of coming to God, by repentance and the acts of
worship, without the Spirit and grace of Christ, nor obtain the
happiness of coming to God as our Father without his merit and
righteousness; he is the high priest of our profession, our
advocate.
(2.) He speaks of his Father as the end
(v. 7):
“If you had known me aright, you would have known my Father
also; and henceforth, by the glory you have seen in me and the
doctrine you have heard from me, you know him and have seen
him.” Here is,
[1.] A tacit rebuke to them for their dulness and carelessness in not
acquainting themselves with Jesus Christ, though they had been his
constant followers and associates: If you had known me–. They
knew him, and yet did not know him so well as they might and should
have known him. They knew him to be the Christ, but did not follow on
to know God in him. Christ had said to the Jews
(ch. viii. 19):
If you had known me, you would have known my Father also; and
here the same to his disciples; for it is hard to say which is more
strange, the wilful ignorance of those that are enemies to the light,
or the defects and mistakes of the children of light, that have
had such opportunities of knowledge. If they had known Christ aright,
they would have known that his kingdom is spiritual, and not of this
world; that he came down from heaven, and therefore must
return to heaven; and then they would have known his Father
also, would have known whither he designed to go, when he said, I go
to the Father, to a glory in the other world, not in this. If we
knew Christianity better, we should better know natural religion.
[2.] A favourable intimation that he was well satisfied concerning
their sincerity, notwithstanding the weakness of their understanding:
“And henceforth, from my giving you this hint, which will serve
as a key to all the instructions I have given you hitherto, let me tell
you, you know him, and have seen him, inasmuch as you know me,
and have seen me;” for in the face of Christ we see the glory of God,
as we see a father in his son that resembles him. Christ tells his
disciples that they were not so ignorant as they seemed to be; for,
though little children, yet they had known the Father,
Note, Many of the disciples of Christ have more knowledge and more
grace than they think they have, and Christ takes notice of, and is
well pleased with, that good in them which they themselves are not
aware of; for those that know God do not all at once know that they
know him,
II. Philip enquired concerning the Father
(v. 8),
and Christ answered him,
where observe,
1. Philip’s request for some extraordinary discovery of the Father. He
was not so forward to speak as some others of them were, and yet, from
an earnest desire of further light, he cries out, Show us the
Father. Philip listened to what Christ said to Thomas, and fastened
upon the last words, You have seen him. “Nay,” says Philip,
“that is what we want, that is what we would have: Show us the
Father and it sufficeth us.”
(1.) This supposes an earnest desire of acquaintance with God as a
Father. The petition is, “Show us the Father; give us to know
him in that relation to us;” and this he begs, not for himself only,
but for the rest of the disciples. The plea is, It sufficeth us.
He not only professes it himself, but will pass his word for his
fellow-disciples. Grant us but one sight of the Father, and we have
enough. Jansenius saith, “Though Philip did not mean it, yet the Holy
Ghost, by his mouth, designed here to teach us that the satisfaction
and happiness of a soul consist in the vision and fruition of God,”
In the knowledge of God the understanding rests, and is at the summit
of its ambition; in the knowledge of God as our Father the soul is
satisfied; a sight of the Father is a heaven upon earth, fills us
with joy unspeakable.
(2.) As Philip speaks it here, it intimates that he was not satisfied
with such a discovery of the Father as Christ thought fit to give them,
but he would prescribe to him, and press upon him, something further
and no less than some visible appearance of the glory of God,
like that to Moses
and to the elders of Israel,
Exod. xxiv. 9-11.
“Let us see the Father with our bodily eyes, as we see thee, and it
sufficeth us; we will trouble thee with no more questions,
Whither goest thou?” And so it manifests not only the weakness
of his faith, but his ignorance of the gospel way of manifesting the
Father, which is spiritual, and not sensible. Such a sight of God,
he thinks, would suffice them, and yet those who did thus see
him were not sufficed, but soon corrupted themselves, and
made a graven image. Christ’s institutions have provided better for
the confirmation of our faith than our own inventions would.
2. Christ’s reply, referring him to the discoveries already made of the
Father,
(1.) He refers him to what he had seen,
v. 9.
He upbraids him with his ignorance and inadvertency: “Have I been so
long time with you, now above three years intimately conversant
with you, and yet hast thou not known me, Philip? Now, he
that hath seen me hath seen the Father; and how sayest thou then, Show
us the Father? Wilt thou ask for that which thou hast already?” Now
here,
[1.] He reproves him for two things: First, For not improving
his acquaintance with Christ, as he might have done, to a clear and
distinct knowledge of him: “Hast thou not known me, Philip, whom
thou hast followed so long, and conversed with so much?” Philip, the
first day he came to him, declared that he knew him to be the Messiah
(ch. i. 45),
and yet to this day did not know the Father in him. Many that
have good knowledge in the scripture and divine things fall short of
the attainments justly expected from them, for want of compounding the
ideas they have, and going on to perfection. Many know Christ, who yet
do not know what they might know of him, nor see what they should see
in him. That which aggravated Philip’s dulness was that he had so long
an opportunity of improvement: I have been so long time with
thee. Note, The longer we enjoy the means of knowledge and grace,
the more inexcusable we are if we be found defective in grace and
knowledge. Christ expects that our proficiency should be in some
measure according to our standing, that we should not be always babes.
Let us thus reason with ourselves: “Have I been so long a hearer of
sermons, a student in the scripture, a scholar in the school of Christ,
and yet so weak in the knowledge of Christ, and so unskilful in
the word of righteousness?” Secondly, He reproves him for
his infirmity in the prayer made, Show us the Father. Note,
Herein appears much of the weakness of Christ’s disciples that they
know not what to pray for as they ought
but often ask amiss
(Jam. iv. 3),
for that which either is not promised or is already bestowed in the
sense of the promise, as here.
[2.] He instructs him, and gives him a maxim which not only in general
magnifies Christ and leads us to the knowledge of God in him, but
justifies what Christ had said
(v. 7):
You know the Father, and have seen him; and answered what Philip
had asked, Show us the Father. Why, saith Christ, the difficulty
is soon over, for he that hath seen me hath seen the Father.
First, All that saw Christ in the flesh might have seen
the Father in him, if Satan had not blinded their minds, and
kept them from a sight of Christ, as the image of God,
2 Cor. iv. 4.
Secondly, All that saw Christ by faith did see the Father
in him, though they were not suddenly aware that they did so. In the
light of Christ’s doctrine they saw God as the father of lights;
in the miracles they saw God as the God of power, the finger of
God. The holiness of God shone in the spotless purity of Christ’s
life, and his grace in all the acts of grace he did.
(2.) He refers him to what he had reason to believe
(v. 10, 11):
“Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in
me, and therefore that in seeing me thou hast seen the
Father? Hast thou not believed this? If not, take my word for it,
and believe it now.”
[1.] See here what it is which we are to believe: That I am in the
Father, and the Father in me; that is, as he had said
(ch. x. 30),
I and my Father are one. He speaks of the Father and himself as
two persons, and yet so one as never any two were or can be. In knowing
Christ as God of God, light of light, very God of very God,
begotten, not made, and as being of one substance with the
Father, by whom all things were made, we know the Father; and in
seeing him thus we see the Father. In Christ we behold more of the
glory of God than Moses did at Mount Horeb.
[2.] See here what inducements we have to believe this; and they are
two:–We must believe it, First, For his word’s sake: The
words that I speak to you, I speak not of myself. See
My doctrine is not mine. What he said seemed to them careless
as the word of man, speaking his own thought at his own
pleasure; but really it was the wisdom of God that indited it and the
will of God that enforced it. He spoke not of himself only, but
the mind of God according to the eternal counsels. Secondly, For
his works’ sake: The Father that dwelleth in me, he doeth them;
and therefore believe me for their sake. Observe,
1. The Father is said to dwell in him ho en emoi
menon—he abideth in me, by the inseparable union of the
divine and human nature: never had God such a temple to dwell in on
earth as the body of the Lord Jesus,
ch. ii. 21.
Here was the true Shechinah, of which that in the tabernacle was but a
type. The fulness of the Godhead dwelt in him bodily,
Col. ii. 9.
The Father so dwells in Christ that in him he may be found, as a
man where he dwells. Seek ye the Lord, seek him in Christ, and
he will be found, for in him he dwells.
2. He doeth the works. Many words of power, and works of mercy,
Christ did, and the Father did them in him; and the work of redemption
in general was God’s own work.
3. We are bound to believe this, for the very works’ sake. As we
are to believe the being and perfections of God for the sake of the
works of creation, which declare his glory; so we are to believe the
revelation of God to man in Jesus Christ for the sake of the works of
the Redeemer, those mighty works which, by showing forth themselves
(Matt. xiv. 2),
Show forth him, and God in him. Note, Christ’s miracles are
proofs of his divine mission, not only for the conviction of infidels,
but for the confirmation of the faith of his own disciples,
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the
works that I do shall he do also; and greater works than these
shall he do; because I go unto my Father.
13 And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that
the Father may be glorified in the Son.
14 If ye shall ask any thing in my name, I will do it.
The disciples, as they were full of grief to think of parting with
their Master, so they were full of care what would become of themselves
when he was gone; while he was with them, he was a support to them,
kept them in countenance, kept them in heart; but, if he leave them,
they will be as sheep having no shepherd, an easy prey to those
who seek to run them down. Now, to silence these fears, Christ here
assures them that they should be clothed with powers sufficient to bear
them out. As Christ has all power, they, in his name, should
have great power, both in heaven and in earth.
I. Great power on earth
(v. 12):
He that believeth on me (as I know you do), the works that I
do shall he do also. This does not weaken the argument Christ had
taken from his works, to prove himself one with the Father (that others
should do as great works), but rather strengthens it; for the
miracles which the apostles wrought were wrought in his name,
and by faith in him; and this magnifies his power more than any
thing, that he not only wrought miracles himself, but gave power to
others to do so too.
1. Two things he assures them of:–
(1.) That they should be enabled to do such works as he had done, and
that they should have a more ample power for the doing of them than
they had had when he first sent them forth,
Did Christ heal the sick, cleanse the leper, raise the dead? So
should they. Did he convince and convert sinners, and draw multitudes
to him? So should they. Though he should depart, the work should not
cease, nor fall to the ground, but should be carried on as vigorously
and successfully as ever; and it is still in the doing.
(2.) That they should do greater works than these.
[1.] In the kingdom of nature they should work greater miracles. No
miracle is little, but some to our apprehension seem greater than
others. Christ had healed with the hem of his garment, but Peter with
his shadow
(Acts v. 15),
Paul by the handkerchief that had touched him,
Christ wrought miracles for two or three years in one country, but his
followers wrought miracles in his name for many ages in divers
countries. You shall do greater works, if there be occasion, for
the glory of God. The prayer of faith, if at any time it had
been necessary, would have removed mountains.
[2.] In the kingdom of grace. They should obtain greater victories by
the gospel than had been obtained while Christ was upon earth. The
truth is, the captivating of so great a part of the world to Christ,
under such outward disadvantages, was the miracle of all. I think this
refers especially to the gift of tongues; this was the immediate
effect of the pouring out of the Spirit, which was a constant
miracle upon the mind, in which words are framed, and which was made to
serve so glorious an intention as that of spreading the gospel to all
nations in their own language. This was a greater sign to
them that believed not
and more powerful for their conviction, than any other miracle
whatever.
2. The reason Christ gives for this is, Because I go unto my
Father,
(1.) “Because I go, it will be requisite that you should have
such a power, lest the work suffer damage by my absence.”
(2.) “Because I go to the Father, I shall be in a capacity to
furnish you with such a power, for I go to the Father, to send the
Comforter, from whom you shall receive power,”
The wonderful works which they did in Christ’s name were part of the
glories of his exalted state, when he ascended on high,
Eph. iv. 8.
II. Great power in heaven: “Whatsoever you shall ask, that will I
do
(v. 13, 14),
as Israel, who was a prince with God. Therefore you shall do such
mighty works, because you have such an interest in me, and I in my
Father.” Observe,
1. In what way they were to keep up communion with him, and derive
power from him, when he was gone to the Father–by prayer. When dear
friends are to be removed to a distance from each other, they provide
for the settling of a correspondence; thus, when Christ was going to
his Father, he tells his disciples how they might write to him upon
every occasion, and send their epistles by a safe and ready way of
conveyance, without danger of miscarrying, or lying by the way: “Let me
hear from you by prayer, the prayer of faith, and you shall hear
from me by the Spirit.” This was the old way of intercourse with
Heaven, ever since men began to call upon the name of the Lord;
but Christ by his death has laid it more open, and it is still open to
us. Here is,
(1.) Humility prescribed: You shall ask. Though they had quitted
all for Christ, they could demand nothing of him as a debt, but must be
humble supplicants, beg or starve, beg or perish.
(2.) Liberty allowed: “Ask any thing, any thing that is good and proper
for you; any thing, provided you know what you ask, you may ask; you
may ask for assistance in your work, for a mouth and wisdom, for
preservation out of the hands of your enemies, for power to work
miracles when there is occasion, for the success of the ministry in the
conversion of souls; ask to be informed, directed, vindicated.”
Occasions vary, but they shall be welcome to the throne of grace upon
every occasion.
2. In what name they were to present their petitions: Ask in my
name. To ask in Christ’s name is,
(1.) To plead his merit and intercession, and to depend upon that plea.
The Old-Testament saints had an eye to this when they prayed for the
Lord’s sake
(Dan. ix. 17),
and for the sake of the anointed
but Christ’s mediation is brought to a clearer light by the gospel, and
so we are enabled more expressly to ask in his name. When Christ
dictated the Lord’s prayer, this was not inserted, because they did not
then so fully understand this matter as they did afterwards, when the
Spirit was poured out. If we ask in our own name, we cannot
expect to speed, for, being strangers, we have no name in
heaven; being sinners, we have an ill name there; but Christ’s
is a good name, well known in heaven, and very precious.
(2.) It is to aim at his glory and to seek this as our highest end in
all our prayers.
3. What success they should have in their prayers: “What you ask,
that will I do,”
And again
(v. 14),
“I will do it. You may be sure I will: not only it shall be
done, I will see it done, or give orders for the doing of it, but I
will do it;” for he has not only the interest of an intercessor,
but the power of a sovereign prince, who sits at the right hand of
God, the hand of action, and has the doing of all in the kingdom of
God. By faith in his name we may have what we will for the asking.
4. For what reason their prayers should speed so well: That the
Father may be glorified in the Son. That is,
(1.) This they ought to aim at, and have their eye upon, in asking. In
this all our desires and prayers should meet as in their centre; to
this they must all be directed, that God in Christ may be honoured by
our services, and in our salvation. Hallowed be thy name is an
answered prayer, and is put first, because, if the heart be sincere in
this, it does in a manner consecrate all the other petitions.
(2.) This Christ will aim at in granting, and for the sake of this will
do what they ask, that hereby the glory of the Father in the Son may be
manifested. The wisdom, power, and goodness of God were magnified in
the Redeemer when by a power derived from him, and exerted in his name
and for his service, his apostles and ministers were enabled to do such
great things, both in the proofs of their doctrine and in the successes
of it.
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
15 If ye love me, keep my commandments.
16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another
Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;
17 Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive,
because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him;
for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you.
Christ not only proposes such things to them as were the matter of
their comfort, but here promises to send the Spirit, whose office it
should be to be their Comforter, to impress these things upon
them.
I. He premises to this a memento of duty
(v. 15):
If you love me, keep my commandments. Keeping the commandments
of Christ is here put for the practice of godliness in general, and for
the faithful and diligent discharge of their office as apostles in
particular. Now observe,
1. When Christ is comforting them, he bids them keep his
commandments; for we must not expect comfort but in the way of
duty. The same word (parakaleo) signifies both to exhort
and to comfort.
2. When they were in care what they should do, now that their Master
was leaving them, and what would become of them now, he bids them
keep his commandments, and then nothing could come amiss to
them. In difficult times our care concerning the events of the day
should be swallowed up in a care concerning the duty of the day.
3. When they were showing their love to Christ by their grieving to
think of his departure, and the sorrow which filled their hearts upon
the foresight of that, he bids them, if they would show their love to
him, do it, not by these weak and feminine passions, but by their
conscientious care to perform their trust, and by a universal obedience
to his commands; this is better than sacrifice, better than tears.
Lovest thou me? Feed my lambs.
4. When Christ has given them precious promises, of the answer of their
prayers and the coming of the Comforter, he lays down this as a
limitation of the promises, “Provided you keep my commandments, from a
principle of love to me.” Christ will not be an advocate for any but
those that will be ruled and advised by him as their counsel. Follow
the conduct of the Spirit, and you shall have the comfort of the
Spirit.
II. He promises this great and unspeakable blessing to them,
1. It is promised that they shall have another comforter. This
is the great New-Testament promise
(Acts i. 4),
as that of the Messiah was of the Old Testament; a promise adapted to
the present distress of the disciples, who were in sorrow, and needed a
comforter. Observe here,
(1.) The blessing promised: allon parakleton. The word is
used only here in these discourses of Christ’s, and
where we translate it an advocate. The Rhemists, and Dr.
Hammond, are for retaining the Greek word Paraclete; we
read,
of the paraklesis tou hagiou pneumatos, the comfort of
the Holy Ghost, including his whole office as a paraclete.
[1.] You shall have another advocate. The office of the Spirit
was to be Christ’s advocate with them and others, to plead his cause,
and take care of his concerns, on earth; to be vicarius
Christi–Christ’s Vicar, as one of the ancients call him; and to be
their advocate with their opposers. When Christ was with them he spoke
for them as there was occasion; but now that he is leaving them they
shall not be run down, the Spirit of the Father shall speak in them,
And the cause cannot miscarry that is pleaded by such an advocate.
[2.] You shall have another master or teacher, another
exhorter. While they had Christ with them he excited and
exhorted them to their duty; but now that he is going he leaves one
with them that shall do this as effectually, though silently. Jansenius
thinks the most proper word to render it by is a patron, one
that shall both instruct and protect you.
[3.] Another comforter. Christ was expected as the consolation
of Israel. One of the names of the Messiah among the Jews was
Menahem–the Comforter. The Targum calls the days of the Messiah
the years of consolation. Christ comforted his disciples when he
was with them, and now that he was leaving them in their greatest need
he promises them another.
(2.) The giver of this blessing: The Father shall give him,
my Father and your Father; it includes both. The same
that gave the Son to be our Saviour will give his Spirit to be our
comforter, pursuant to the same design. The Son is said to send the
Comforter
(ch. xv. 26),
but the Father is the prime agent.
(3.) How this blessing is procured–by the intercession of the Lord
Jesus: I will pray the Father. He said
(v. 14)
I will do it; here he saith, I will pray for it, to show
not only that he is both God and man, but that he is both king and
priest. As priest he is ordained for men to make intercession, as king
he is authorized by the Father to execute judgment. When Christ saith,
I will pray the Father, it does not suppose that the Father is
unwilling, or must be importuned to it, but only that the gift of the
Spirit is a fruit of Christ’s mediation, purchased by his merit, and
taken out by his intercession.
(4.) The continuance of this blessing: That he may abide with you
for ever. That is,
[1.] “With you, as long as you live. You shall never know the
want of a comforter, nor lament his departure, as you are now lamenting
mine.” Note, It should support us under the loss of those comforts
which were designed us for a time that there are everlasting
consolations provided for us. It was not expedient that Christ should
be with them for ever, for they who were designed for public service,
must not always live a college-life; they must disperse, and therefore
a comforter that would be with them all, in all places alike,
wheresoever dispersed and howsoever distressed, was alone fit to be
with them for ever.
[2.] “With your successors, when you are gone, to the end of time; your
successors in Christianity, in the ministry.”
[3.] If we take for ever in its utmost extent, the promise will
be accomplished in those consolations of God which will be the eternal
joy of all the saints, pleasures for ever.
2. This comforter is the Spirit of truth, whom you know,
v. 16, 17.
They might think it impossible to have a comforter equivalent to him
who is the Son of God: “Yea,” saith Christ, “you shall have the Spirit
of God, who is equal in power and glory with the Son.”
(1.) The comforter promised is the Spirit, one who should do his
work in a spiritual way and manner, inwardly and invisibly, by working
on men’s spirits.
(2.) “He is the Spirit of truth.” He will be true to you, and to
his undertaking for you, which he will perform to the utmost. He will
teach you the truth, will enlighten your minds with the
knowledge of it, will strengthen and confirm your belief of it, and
will increase your love to it. The Gentiles by their idolatries, and
the Jews by their traditions, were led into gross errors and mistakes;
but the Spirit of truth shall not only lead you into all truth,
but others by your ministry. Christ is the truth, and he is the Spirit
of Christ, the Spirit that he was anointed with.
(3.) He is one whom the world cannot receive; but you know
him. Therefore he abideth with you.
[1.] The disciples of Christ are here distinguished from the world, for
they are chosen and called out of the world that lies in wickedness;
they are the children and heirs of another world, not of this.
[2.] It is the misery of those that are invincibly devoted to the world
that they cannot receive the Spirit of truth. The spirit of
the world and of God are spoken of as directly contrary the
one to the other
for where the spirit of the world has the ascendant, the Spirit of God
is excluded. Even the princes of this world, though, as princes,
they had advantages of knowledge, yet, as princes of this world, they
laboured under invincible prejudices, so that they knew not the
things of the Spirit of God,
1 Cor. ii. 8.
[3.] Therefore men cannot receive the Spirit of truth because
they see him not, neither know him. The comforts of the Spirit
are foolishness to them, as much as ever the cross of Christ
was, and the great things of the gospel, like those of the law, are
counted as a strange thing. These are judgments far above out of their
sight. Speak to the children of this world of the operations of the
Spirit, and you are as a barbarian to them.
[4.] The best knowledge of the Spirit of truth is that which is got by
experience: You know him, for he dwelleth with you. Christ had
dwelt with them, and by their acquaintance with him they could not but
know the Spirit of truth. They had themselves been endued with
the Spirit in some measure. What enabled them to leave all to follow
Christ, and to continue with him in his temptations? What enabled them
to preach the gospel, and work miracles, but the Spirit dwelling in
them? The experiences of the saints are the explications of the
promises; paradoxes to others are axioms to them.
[5.] Those that have an experimental acquaintance with the Spirit have
a comfortable assurance of his continuance: He dwelleth with you,
and shall be in you, for the blessed Spirit doth not use to shift
his lodging. Those that know him know how to value him, invite him and
bid him welcome; and therefore he shall be in them, as the light in the
air, as the sap in the tree, as the soul in the body. Their communion
with him shall be intimate, and their union with him inseparable.
[6.] The gift of the Holy Ghost is a peculiar gift, bestowed upon the
disciples of Christ in a distinguishing way–them, and not the world;
it is to them hidden manna, and the white stone. No
comforts comparable to those which make no show, make no noise. This is
the favour God bears to his chosen; it is the heritage of those that
fear his name.
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
18 I will not leave you comfortless: I will come to you.
19 Yet a little while, and the world seeth me no more; but ye
see me: because I live, ye shall live also.
20 At that day ye shall know that I am in my Father, and ye
in me, and I in you.
21 He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is
that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my
Father, and I will love him, and will manifest myself to him.
22 Judas saith unto him, not Iscariot, Lord, how is it that
thou wilt manifest thyself unto us, and not unto the world?
23 Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will
keep my words: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto
him, and make our abode with him.
24 He that loveth me not keepeth not my sayings: and the word
which ye hear is not mine, but the Father’s which sent me.
When friends are parting, it is a common request they make to each
other, “Pray let us hear from you as often as you can:” this Christ
engaged to his disciples, that out of sight they should not be out of
mind.
I. He promises that he would continue his care of them
(v. 18):
“I will not leave you orphans, or fatherless; for, though
I leave you, yet I leave you this comfort, I will come to you.”
His departure from them was that which grieved them; but it was not so
bad as they apprehended, for it was neither total nor final.
1. Not total. “Though I leave you without my bodily presence, yet I do
not leave you without comfort.” Though children, and left
little, yet they had received the adoption of sons, and his
Father would be their Father, with whom those who otherwise would be
fatherless find mercy. Note, The case of true believers, though
sometimes it may be sorrowful, is never comfortless, because they are
never orphans: for God is their Father, who is an everlasting
Father.
2. Not final: I will come to you, erchomai—I
do come; that is,
(1.) “I will come speedily to you at my resurrection, I will not be
long away, but will be with you again in a little time.” He had often
said, The third day I will rise again.
(2.) “I will be coming daily to you in my Spirit;” in the tokens of his
love, and visits of his grace, he is still coming.
(3.) “I will come certainly at the end of time; surely I will come
quickly to introduce you into the joy of your Lord.” Note, The
consideration of Christ’s coming to us saves us from being comfortless
in his removals from us; for, if he depart for a season, it is
that we may receive him for ever. Let this moderate our grief,
The Lord is at hand.
II. He promises that they should continue their acquaintance with him
and interest in him
(v. 19, 20):
Yet a little while, and the world sees me no more, that is, Now
I am no more in the world. After his death, the world saw him no
more, for, though he rose to life, he never showed himself to
all the people,
Acts x. 41.
The malignant world thought they had seen enough of him, and cried,
Away with him; crucify him; and so shall their doom be; they shall
see him no more. Those only that see Christ with an eye of faith shall
see him for ever. The world sees him no more till his second coming;
but his disciples have communion with him in his absence.
1. You see me, and shall continue to see me, when the world
sees me no more. They saw him with their bodily eyes after his
resurrection, for he showed himself to them by many infallible
proofs,
Acts i. 8.
And then were the disciples glad when they saw the Lord. They
saw him with an eye of faith after his ascension, sitting at God’s
right hand, as Lord of all; saw that in him which the world saw
not.
2. Because I live, you shall live also. That which grieved them
was, that their Master was dying, and they counted upon nothing else
but to die with him. No, saith Christ,
(1.) I live; this the great God glories in, I live, saith
the Lord, and Christ saith the same; not only, I shall live, as he
saith of them, but, I do live; for he has life in himself, and
lives for evermore. We are not comfortless, while we know
that our Redeemer lives.
(2.) Therefore you shall live also. Note, The life of Christians
is bound up in the life of Christ; as sure and as long as he lives,
those that by faith are united to him shall live also; they shall live
spiritually, a divine life in communion with God. This life is hid with
Christ; if the head and root live, the members and branches live also.
They shall live eternally; their bodies shall rise in the virtue
of Christ’s resurrection; it will be well with them in the world to
come. It cannot but be well with all that are his,
3. You shall have the assurance of this
(v. 20):
At that day, when I am glorified, when the Spirit is poured out,
you shall know more clearly and certainly than you do now that
I am in my Father, and you in me, and I in you.
(1.) These glorious mysteries will be fully known in heaven; At that
day, when I shall receive you to myself, you shall know perfectly
that which now you see through a glass darkly. Now it appears
not what we shall be, but then it will appear what we were.
(2.) They were more fully known after the pouring out of the Spirit
upon the apostles; at that day divine light should shine, and their
eyes should see more clearly, their knowledge should greatly advance
and increase then, would become more extensive and more distinct, and
like the blind man’s at the second touch of Christ’s hand, who at first
only saw men as trees walking.
(3.) They are known by all that receive the Spirit of truth, to their
abundant satisfaction, for in the knowledge of this is founded their
fellowship with the Father and his Son Jesus Christ. They
know,
[1.] That Christ is in the Father, is one with the Father, by
their experience of what he has wrought for them and in them; they find
what an admirable consent and harmony there is between Christianity and
natural religion, that that is grafted into this, and so they know that
Christ is in the Father.
[2.] That Christ is in them; experienced Christians know by the Spirit
that Christ abides in them,
[3.] That they are in Christ, for the relation is mutual, and equally
near on both sides, Christ in them and they in Christ, which speaks an
intimate and inseparable union; in the virtue of which it is that
because he lives they shall live also. Note, First, Union
with Christ is the life of believers; and their relation to him, and to
God through him, is their felicity. Secondly, The knowledge of
this union is their unspeakable joy and satisfaction; they were now in
Christ, and he in them, but he speaks of it as a further act of grace
that they should know it, and have the comfort of it. An interest in
Christ and the knowledge of it are sometimes separated.
III. He promises that he would love them, and manifest himself to them,
Here observe,
1. Who they are whom Christ will look upon, and accept, as lovers of
him; those that have his commandments, and keep them. By this
Christ shows that the kind things he here said to his disciples were
intended not for those only that were now his followers,
but for all that should believe in him through their word. Here
is,
(1.) The duty of those who claim the dignity of being disciples.
Having Christ’s commandments, we must keep them; as Christians in name
and profession we have Christ’s commandments, we have them sounding in
our ears, written before our eyes, we have the knowledge of them; but
this is not enough; would we approve ourselves Christians indeed, we
must keep them. Having them in our heads, we must keep them in our
hearts and lives.
(2.) The dignity of those that do the duty of disciples. They are
looked upon by Christ to be such as love him. Not those that have the
greatest wit and know how to talk for him, but those that keep his
commandments. Note, The surest evidence of our love to Christ is
obedience to the laws of Christ. Such is the love of a subject to his
sovereign, a dutiful, respectful, obediential love, a conformity to his
will, and satisfaction in his wisdom.
2. What returns he will make to them for their love; rich returns;
there is no love lost upon Christ.
(1.) They shall have the Father’s love: He that loveth me shall be
loved of my Father. We could not love God if he did not first, out
of his good-will to us, give us his grace to love him; but there is a
love of complacency promised to those that do love God,
He loves them, and lets them know that he loves them, smiles upon them,
and embraces them. God so loves the Son as to love all those that love
him.
(2.) They shall have Christ’s love: And I will love him, as
God-man, as Mediator. God will love him as a Father, and I will love
him as a brother, an elder brother. The Creator will love him, and be
the felicity of his being; the Redeemer will love him, and be the
protector of his well-being. In the nature of God, nothing shines more
brightly than this, that God is love. And in the undertaking of
Christ nothing appears more glorious than this, that he loved
us. Now both these loves are the crown and comfort, the grace
and glory, which shall be to all those that love the Lord Jesus
Christ in sincerity. Christ was now leaving his disciples, but
promises to continue his love to them; for he not only retains a
kindness for believers, though absent, but is doing them kindness while
absent, for he bears them on his heart, and ever lives interceding for
them.
(3.) They shall have the comfort of that love: I will manifest
myself to him. Some understand it of Christ’s showing himself alive
to his disciples after his resurrection; but, being promised to all
that love him and keep his commandments, it must be construed so
as to extend to them. There is a spiritual manifestation of Christ and
his love made to all believers. When he enlightens their minds to know
his love, and the dimensions of it
enlivens their graces, and draws them into exercise, and thus enlarges
their comforts in himself–when he clears up the evidences of their
interest in him, and gives them tokens of his love, experience of his
tenderness, and earnests of his kingdom and glory,–then he manifests
himself to them; and Christ is manifested to none but those to whom he
is pleased to manifest himself.
3. What occurred upon Christ’s making this promise.
(1.) One of the disciples expresses his wonder and surprise at it,
Observe,
[1.] Who it was that said this–Judas, not Iscariot. Judah, or
Judas, was a famous name; the most famous tribe in Israel was that of
Judah; two of Christ’s disciples were of that name: one of them was the
traitor, the other was the brother of James
(Luke vi. 16),
one of those that were akin to Christ,
He is called Lebbeus and Thaddeus, was the penman of the
last of the epistles, which in our translation, for distinction’s sake,
we call the epistle of Jude. This was he that spoke here.
Observe, First, There was a very good man, and a very bad man,
called by the same name; for names commend us not to God, nor do they
make men worse. Judas the apostle was never the worse, nor Judas the
apostate ever the better, for being namesakes. But, Secondly,
The evangelist carefully distinguishes between them; when he speaks of
this pious Judas, he adds, not Iscariot. Take heed of mistaking;
let us not confound the precious and the vile.
[2.] What he said–Lord how is it? which intimates either,
First, the weakness of his understanding. So some take it. He
expected the temporal kingdom of the Messiah, that it should appear in
external pomp and power, such as all the world would wonder after.
“How, then,” thinks he, “should it be confined to us only?” ti
gegonen–“what is the matter now, that thou wilt not
show thyself openly as is expected, that the Gentiles may come to
thy light, and kings to the brightness of thy rising?” Note, We
create difficulties to ourselves by mistaking the nature of Christ’s
kingdom, as if it were of this world. Or, Secondly, as
expressing the strength of his affections, and the humble and thankful
sense he had of Christ’s distinguishing favours to them: Lord, how
is it? He is amazed at the condescensions of divine grace, as
David,
What is there in us to deserve so great a favour? Note,
1. Christ’s manifesting himself to his disciples is done in a
distinguishing way-to them, and not to the world that sits in
darkness; to the base, and not to the mighty and
noble; to babes, and not to the wise and
prudent. Distinguishing favours are very obliging; considering
who are passed by, and who are pitched upon.
2. It is justly marvellous in our eyes; for it is
unaccountable, and must be resolved into free and sovereign grace.
Even so, Father, because it seemed good unto thee.
(2.) Christ, in answer hereto, explains and confirms what he had said,
He overlooks what infirmity there was in what Judas spoke, and goes on
with his comforts.
[1.] He further explains the condition of the promise, which was loving
him, and keeping his commandments. And, as to this, he shows what an
inseparable connection there is between love and obedience; love is the
root, obedience is the fruit. First, Where a sincere love to
Christ is in the heart, there will be obedience: “If a man love
me indeed, that love will be such a commanding constraining
principle in him, that, no question, he will keep my words.”
Where there is true love to Christ there is a value for his favour, a
veneration for his authority, and an entire surrender of the whole man
to his direction and government. Where love is, duty follows of course,
is easy and natural, and flows from a principle of gratitude.
Secondly, On the other hand, where there is no true love to
Christ there will be no care to obey him: He that loveth me not
keepeth not my sayings,
v. 24.
This comes in here as a discovery of those that do not love
Christ; whatever they pretend, certainly those do not love him that
believe not his truths, and obey not his laws, to whom Christ’s sayings
are but as idle tales, which he heeds not, or hard sayings, which he
likes not. It is also a reason why Christ will not manifest himself to
the world that doth not love him, because they put this affront
upon him, not to keep his sayings; why should Christ be familiar
with those that will be strange to him?
[2.] He further explains the promise
(v. 23):
If a man thus love me, I will manifest myself to him. First, My
Father will love him; this he had said before
(v. 21),
and here repeats it for the confirming of our faith; because it is hard
to imagine that the great god should make those the objects of his love
that had made themselves vessels of his wrath. Jude wondered
that Christ should manifest himself to them; but this answers
it, “If my Father love you, why should not I be free with you?”
Secondly, We will come unto him, and make our abode with him.
This explains the meaning of Christ’s manifesting himself to him, and
magnifies the favour.
1. Not only,I will, but, We will, I and the Father, who,
in this, are one. See
v. 9.
The light and love of God are communicated to man in the light and love
of the Redeemer, so that wherever Christ is formed the image of God is
stamped.
2. Not only, “I will show myself to him at a distance,” but,
“We will come to him, to be near him, to be with him,” such are
the powerful influences of divine graces and comforts upon the souls of
those that love Christ in sincerity.
3. Not only, “I will give him a transient view of me, or make him a
short and running visit,” but, We will take up our abode with
him which denotes complacency in him and constancy to him. God will
not only love obedient believers, but he will take a pleasure in loving
them, will rest in love to them,
He will be with them as at his home.
[3.] He gives a good reason both to bind us to observe the condition
and encourage us to depend upon the promise. The word which you hear
is not mine, but his that sent me,
v. 24.
To this purport he had often spoken
(ch. vii. 16; viii. 28; xii. 44),
and here it comes in very pertinently. First, the stress of duty
is laid upon the precept of Christ as our rule, and justly, for that
word of Christ which we are to keep is the Father’s word, and his will
the Father’s will. Secondly, The stress of our comfort is laid
upon the promise of Christ. But forasmuch as, in dependence upon that
promise, we must deny ourselves, and take up our cross, and quit all,
it concerns us to enquire whether the security be sufficient for us to
venture our all upon; and this satisfies us that it is, that the
promise is not Christ’s bare word, but the Father’s which sent him,
which therefore we may rely upon.
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
25 These things have I spoken unto you, being yet present
with you.
26 But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the
Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and
bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto
you.
27 Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the
world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled,
neither let it be afraid.
Two things Christ here comforts his disciples with:–
I. That they should be under the tuition of his Spirit,
where we may observe,
1. The reflection Christ would have them make upon the instructions he
had given them: These things have I spoken unto you (referring
to all the good lessons he had taught them, since they entered
themselves into his school), being yet present with you. This
intimates,
(1.) That what he had said he did not retract nor unsay, but ratify it,
or stand to it. What he had spoken he had spoken, and would abide by
it.
(2.) That he had improved the opportunity of his bodily presence with
them to the utmost: “As long as I have been yet present with them, you
know I have lost no time.” Note, When our teachers are about to be
removed from us we should call to mind what they have spoken, being
yet present with us.
2. The encouragement given them to expect another teacher, and that
Christ would find out a way of speaking to them after his departure
from them,
He had told them before that the Father would give them this other
comforter
(v. 16),
and here he returns to speak of it again; for as the promise of the
Messiah had been, so the promise of the Spirit now was, the consolation
of Israel. Two things he here tells them further concerning the sending
of the Holy Ghost:–
(1.) On whose account he should be sent: “The Father will send him
in my name; that is, for my sake, at my special instance
and request:” or, “as my agent and representative.” He came in his
Father’s name, as his ambassador: the Spirit comes in his name, as
resident in his absence, to carry on his undertaking, and to ripen
things for his second coming. Hence he is called the Spirit of
Christ, for he pleads his cause, and does his work.
(2.) On what errand he should be sent; two things he shall do:–
[1.] He shall teach you all things, as a Spirit of wisdom and
revelation Christ was a teacher to his disciples; if he leave them now
that they have made so little proficiency, what will become of them?
Why, the Spirit shall teach them, shall be their standing tutor. He
shall teach them all things necessary for them either to learn
themselves, or to teach others. For those that would teach the things
of God must first themselves be taught of God; this is the Spirit’s
work. See
[2.] He shall bring all things to your remembrance whatsoever I have
said unto you. Many a good lesson Christ had taught them, which
they had forgotten, and which would be to seek when they had occasion
for it. Many things they did not retain the remembrance of, because
they did not rightly understand the meaning of them. The Spirit shall
not teach them a new gospel, but bring to their minds that which they
had been taught, by leading them into the understanding of it. The
apostles were all of them to preach, and some of them to write, the
things that Jesus did and taught, to transmit them to distant nations
and future ages; now, if they had been left to themselves herein, some
needful things might have been forgotten, others misrepresented,
through the treachery of their memories; therefore the Spirit is
promised to enable them truly to relate and record what Christ said
unto them. And to all the saints the Spirit of grace is given to be a
remembrancer, and to him by faith and prayer we should commit the
keeping of what we hear and know.
II. That they should be under the influence of his peace
(v. 27):
Peace I leave with you. When Christ was about to leave the world
he made his will. His soul he committed to his Father; his body
he bequeathed to Joseph, to be decently interred; his clothes fell to
the soldiers; his mother he left to the care of John: but what should
he leave to his poor disciples, that had left all for him? Silver and
gold he had none; but he left them that which was infinitely better,
his peace. “I leave you, but I leave my peace with
you. I not only give you a title to it, but put you in possession of
it.” He did not part in anger, but in love; for this was his farewell,
Peace I leave with you, as a dying father leaves portions to his
children; and this is a worthy portion. Observe,
1. The legacy that is here bequeathed Peace, my peace. Peace is
put for all good, and Christ has left us all needful good, all that is
really and truly good, as all the purchased promised good. Peace is put
for reconciliation and love; the peace bequeathed is peace with God,
peace with one another; peace in our own bosoms seems to be
especially meant; a tranquillity of mind arising from a sense of our
justification before God. It is the counterpart of our pardons, and the
composure of our minds. This Christ calls his peace, for he is
himself our peace,
It is the peace he purchased for us and preached to us, and on which
the angels congratulated men at his birth,
2. To whom this legacy is bequeathed: “To you, my disciples and
followers, that will be exposed to trouble, and have need of peace; to
you that are the sons of peace, and are qualified to receive it.” This
legacy was left to them as the representatives of the church, to them
and their successors, to them and all true Christians in all ages.
3. In what manner it is left: Not as the world giveth, give I unto
you. That is,
(1.) “I do not compliment you with Peace be unto you; no, it is
not a mere formality, but a real blessing.”
(2.) “The peace I give is of such a nature that the smiles of the world
cannot give it, nor the frowns of the world take it away.” Or,
(3.) “The gifts I give to you are not such as this world gives to its
children and votaries, to whom it is kind.” The world’s gifts concern
only the body and time; Christ’s gifts enrich the soul for eternity:
the world gives lying vanities, and that which will cheat us; Christ
gives substantial blessings, which will never fail us: the world gives
and takes; Christ gives a good part that shall never be taken
away.
(4.) The peace which Christ gives is infinitely more valuable than that
which the world gives. The world’s peace begins in ignorance, consists
with sin, and ends in endless troubles; Christ’s peace begins in grace,
consists with no allowed sin, and ends at length in everlasting peace.
As is the difference between a killing lethargy and a reviving
refreshing sleep, such is the difference between Christ’s peace and the
world’s.
4. What use they should make of it: Let not your heart be
troubled, for any evils past or present, neither let it be
afraid of any evil to come. Note, Those that are interested in the
covenant of grace, and entitled to the peace which Christ gives, ought
not to yield to overwhelming griefs and fears. This comes in here as
the conclusion of the whole matter; he had said
(v. 1),
Let not your heart be troubled, and here he repeats it as that
for which he had now given sufficient reason.
| Christ’s Consolatory Discourse. |
|
|
28 Ye have heard how I said unto you, I go away, and come
again unto you. If ye loved me, ye would rejoice, because I
said, I go unto the Father: for my Father is greater than I.
29 And now I have told you before it come to pass, that, when
it is come to pass, ye might believe.
30 Hereafter I will not talk much with you: for the prince of
this world cometh, and hath nothing in me.
31 But that the world may know that I love the Father; and as
the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go
hence.
Christ here gives his disciples another reason why their hearts should
not be troubled for his going away; and that is, because his heart was
not. And here he tells them what it was that enabled him to endure the
cross and despise the shame, that they might look unto him, and
run with patience. He comforted himself,
I. That, though he went away, he should come again: “You have heard
how I have said, and now I say it again, I go away, and come
again.” Note, What we have heard of the doctrine of Christ,
especially concerning his second coming, we have need to be told again
and again. When we are under the power of any transport of passion,
grief, or fear, or care, we forget that Christ will come again. See
Christ encouraged himself with this, in his sufferings and
death, that he should come again, and the same should comfort us
in our departure at death; we go away to come again; the leave we take
of our friends at that parting is only a good night, not a final
farewell. See
II. That he went to his Father: “If you loved me, as by your
sorrow you say you do, you would rejoice instead of mourning,
because, though I leave you, yet I said, I go unto the Father,
not only mine, but yours, which will be my advancement and your
advantage; for my Father is greater than I.” Observe here,
1. It is matter of joy to Christ’s disciples that he is gone to the
Father, to take possession for orphans, and make intercession for
transgressors. His departure had a bright side as well as a dark side.
Therefore he sent this message after his resurrection
(ch. xx. 17),
I ascend to my Father and your Father, as most comfortable.
2. The reason of this is, because the Father is greater than
he, which, if it be a proper proof of that for which it is alleged
(as no doubt it is), must be understood thus, that his state with his
Father would be much more excellent and glorious than his present
state; his returning to his Father (so Dr. Hammond) would be the
advancing of him to a much higher condition than that which he was now
in. Or thus, His going to the Father himself, and bringing all his
followers to him there, was the ultimate end of his undertaking, and
therefore greater than the means. Thus Christ raises the thoughts and
expectations of his disciples to something greater than that in which
now they thought all their happiness bound up. The kingdom of the
Father, wherein he shall be all in all, will be greater than the
mediatorial kingdom.
3. The disciples of Christ should show that they love him by their
rejoicing in the glories of his exaltation, rather than by lamenting
the sorrows of his humiliation, and rejoicing that he is gone to his
Father, where he would be, and where we shall be shortly with him. Many
that love Christ, let their love run out in a wrong channel; they think
if they love him they must be continually in pain because of him;
whereas those that love him should dwell at ease in him, should
rejoice in Christ Jesus.
III. That his going away, compared with the prophecies which went
before of it, would be a means of confirming the faith of his disciples
(v. 29):
“I have told you before it come to pass that I must die and rise
again, and ascend to the Father, and send the Comforter, that, when
it is come to pass, you might believe.” See this reason,
Christ told his disciples of his death, though he knew it would both
puzzle them and grieve them, because it would afterwards redound to the
confirmation of their faith in two things:–
1. That he who foretold these things had a divine prescience, and knew
beforehand what day would bring forth. When St. Paul was going to
Jerusalem, he knew not the things that did abide him there, but
Christ did.
2. That the things foretold were according to the divine purpose and
designation, not sudden resolves, but the counterparts of an eternal
counsel. Let them therefore not be troubled at that which would be for
the confirmation of their faith, and so would redound to their real
benefit; for the trial of our faith is very precious, though it
cost us present heaviness, through manifold temptations,
1 Pet. i. 6.
IV. That he was sure of a victory over Satan, with whom he knew he was
to have a struggle in his departure
(v. 30):
“Henceforth I will not talk much with you, having not much to
say, but what may be adjourned to the pouring out of the Spirit.” He
had a great deal of good talk with them after this
but, in comparison with what he had said, it was not much. His time was
now short, and he therefore spoke largely to them now, because the
opportunity would soon be over. Note, We should always endeavour to
talk to the purpose, because perhaps we may not have time to talk much.
We know not how soon our breath may be stopped, and therefore should be
always breathing something that is good. When we come to be sick and
die, perhaps we may not be capable of talking much to those about us;
and therefore what good counsel we have to give them, let us give it
while we are in health. One reason why he would not talk much with them
was because he had now other work to apply himself to: The prince of
this world comes. He called the devil the prince of this
world,
ch. xii. 31.
The disciples dreamed of their Master being the prince of this world,
and they worldly princes under him. But Christ tells them that the
prince of this world was his enemy, and so were the princes
of this world, that were actuated and ruled by him,
But he has nothing in me. Observe here,
1. The prospect Christ had of an approaching conflict, not only with
men, but with the powers of darkness. The devil had set upon him with
his temptations
(Matt. iv.),
had
offered him the kingdoms of this world, if he would hold them as
tributary to him, with an eye to which Christ calls him, in disdain,
the prince of this world. Then the devil departed from him for a
season; “But now,” says Christ, “I see him rallying again,
preparing to make a furious onset, and so to gain by terrors that which
he could not gain by allurements;” to frighten from his undertaking,
when he could not entice from it. Note, The foresight of a temptation
gives us great advantage in our resistance of it; for, being
fore-warned, we should be fore-armed. While we are here, we may see
Satan continually coming against us, and ought therefore to be always
upon our guard.
2. The assurance he had of good success in the conflict: He hath
nothing in me, ouk echei ouden—He hath nothing at
all.
(1.) There was no guilt in Christ to give authority to the prince of
this world in his terrors. The devil is said to have the power
of death
(Heb. ii. 14);
the Jews called him the angel of death, as an executioner. Now
Christ having done no evil, Satan had no legal power against him, and
therefore, though he prevailed to crucify him, he could not prevail to
terrify him; though he hurried him to death, yet not to despair. When
Satan comes to disquiet us, he has something in us to perplex us with,
for we have all sinned; but, when he would disturb Christ, he found no
occasion against him.
(2.) There was no corruption in Christ, to give advantage to the
prince of this world in his temptations. He could not crush his
undertaking by drawing him to sin, because there was nothing sinful in
him, nothing irregular for his temptations to fasten upon, no tinder
for him to strike fire into; such was the spotless purity of his nature
that he was above the possibility of sinning. The more Satan’s interest
in us is crushed and decays, the more comfortably may we expect
sufferings and death.
V. That his departure was in compliance with, and obedience to, his
Father. Satan could not force his life from him, and yet he would die:
that the world may know that I love the Father,
v. 31.
We may take this,
1. As confirming what he had often said, that his undertaking, as
Mediator, was a demonstration to the world,
(1.) Of his compliance with the Father; hereby it appeared that he
loved the Father. As it was an evidence of his love to man that he died
for his salvation, so it was of his love to God that he died for his
glory and the accomplishing of his purposes. Let the world know that
between the Father and the Son there is not love lost. As the Father
loved the Son, and gave all things into his hands; so the Son
loved the Father, and gave his spirit into his hand.
(2.) Of his obedience to his Father: “As the Father gave me
commandment, even so I did–did the thing commanded me in the
manner commanded.” Note, The best evidence of our love to the Father is
our doing as he hath given us commandment. As Christ loved the Father,
and obeyed him, even to the death, so we must love Christ, and
obey him. Christ’s eye to the Father’s commandment, obliging him to
suffer and die, bore him up with cheerfulness, and overcame the
reluctancies of nature; this took off the offence of the cross, that
what he did was by order from the Father. The command of God is
sufficient to bear us out in that which is most disputed by others, and
therefore should be sufficient to bear us up in that which is most
difficult to ourselves: This is the will of him that made me,
that sent me.
2. As concluding what he had now said; having brought it to this, here
he leaves it: that the world may know that I love the Father.
You shall see how cheerfully I can meet the appointed cross: “Arise,
let us go hence to the garden;” so some; or, to Jerusalem.
When we talk of troubles at a distance, it is easy to say, Lord, I
will follow thee whithersoever thou goest; but when it comes to the
pinch, when an unavoidable cross lies in the way of duty, then to say,
“Arise, let us go to meet it,” instead of going out of our way
to miss it, this lets the world know that we love the Father. If
this discourse was at the close of the passover-supper, it should seem
that at these words he arose from the table, and retired into the
drawing-room, where he might the more freely carry on the discourse
with his disciples in the following chapters, and pray with them. Dr.
Goodwin’s remark upon this is, that Christ mentioning the great motive
of his sufferings, his Father’s commandment, was in all haste to go
forth to suffer and die, was afraid of slipping the time of Judas’s
meeting him: Arise, says he, let us go hence but he looks
upon the glass, as it were, sees it not quite out, and therefore sits
down again, and preaches another sermon. Now,
(1.) In these words he gives his disciples an encouragement to follow
him. He does not say, I must go; but, Let us go. He calls
them out to no hardships but what he himself goes before them in as
their leader. They had promised they would not desert him: “Come,” says
he, “let us go then; let us see how you will make the words
good.”
(2.) He gives them an example, teaching them at all times, especially
in suffering times, to sit loose to all things here below, and often to
think and speak of leaving them. Though we sit easy, and in the midst
of the delights of an agreeable conversation, yet we must not think of
being here always: Arise, let us go hence. If it was at the
close of the paschal and eucharistical supper, it teaches us that the
solemnities of our communion with God are not to be constant in this
world. When we sit down under Christ’s shadow with delight, and say,
It is good to be here; yet we must think of rising and going
hence; going down from the mount.
|
[Previous] [Next] |
Matthew Henry |
|
Back to Bibles Net . Com – Online Christian Library Matthew Henry’s Complete Commentary – Free Download |
Copyright 2008. Bibles Net. Com. All Rights Reserved.