THE

writer of this epistle was not James the son of Zebedee; for he was put

to death by Herod

(Acts xii.)

before Christianity had gained so much ground among the Jews of the

dispersion as is here implied. But it was the other James, the son of

Alpheus, who was cousin-german to Christ, and one of the twelve

apostles,

Matt. x. 3.

He is called a pillar

(Gal. ii. 9),

and this epistle of his cannot be disputed, without loosening a

foundation-stone. It is called a general epistle, because (as some

think) not directed to any particular person or church, but such a one

as we call a circular letter. Others think it is called general, or

catholic, to distinguish it from the epistles of Ignatius, Barnabas,

Polycarp, and others who were noted in the primitive times, but not

generally received in the church, and on that account not canonical, as

this is. Eusebius tells us that this epistle was “generally read in the

churches with the other catholic epistles.” His. Eccles. page 53. Ed.

Val. Anno 1678. James, our author, was called the just, for his great

piety. He was an eminent example of those graces which he presses upon

others. He was so exceedingly revered for his justice, temperance, and

devotion, that Josephus the Jewish historian records it as one of the

causes of the destruction of Jerusalem, “That St. James was martyred in

it.” This is mentioned in hopes of procuring the greater regard to what

is penned by so holy and excellent a man. The time when this epistle

was written is uncertain. The design of it is to reprove Christians for

their great degeneracy both in faith and manners, and to prevent the

spreading of those libertine doctrines which threatened the destruction

of all practical godliness. It was also a special intention of the

author of this epistle to awaken the Jewish nation to a sense of the

greatness and nearness of those judgments which were coming upon them;

and to support all true Christians in the way of their duty, under the

calamities and persecutions they might meet with. The truths laid down

are very momentous, and necessary to be maintained; and the rules for

practice, as here stated, are such as ought to be observed in our times

as well as in preceding ages.